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      房貸計算器2024

      文章內容房貸計算器 > 房屋貸款 >

      中国房贷杠杆到底高不高? 专家为此吵翻天


      7月26日,中共政治局召開會議,罕見提出“要抑制資産泡沫”,使得房地産市場再次成爲關注焦點。

      在上述背景下,中國房貸杠杆是否已經過高?房價“泡沫化”程度到底如何?8月以來,對上述問題的討論再掀熱潮。昨日(8月10日),每經投資寶記者對券商的觀點進行了充分了解,同時也采訪了相關專業人士,發現各方觀點針鋒相對、南轅北轍。

      正方大呼:房貸杠杆未超出合理範圍

      中金公司梁紅:總體而言,中國目前的房貸杠杆和房貸負擔能力還未超出合理範圍。

      8月10日,中金公司梁紅發布研報解讀中國居民房貸杠杆,她認爲從總體而言,相對國際可比指標,中國目前的房貸杠杆和房貸負擔能力還未超出合理範圍。

      每經投資寶記者注意到,梁紅認爲,中國房貸存量相對較低。截至2016年6月底,中國房貸存量爲16.8萬億人民幣,占過去四個季度GDP總和(年化GDP)的24%,與日美相應指標有一定的差距——日本這一數據在90年代在30%以上,2014年爲41%;美國2007年房貸占GDP比率爲73%,2015年底爲53%。

      易居研究院副院長楊紅旭:我們國家的35%左右的首付比例從全球看處于中間偏高水平。

      8月10日晚,楊紅旭對每經投資寶記者表示,海通證券姜超(下文將提及其觀點)和梁紅有關房地産市場的研報他都看過,他個人比較贊同梁紅的觀點。

      楊紅旭表示,從總體看,我國目前35%左右的首付比例在全球處于中間偏高水平,高于歐美國家20%左右的首付比例。房貸快速增長主要是源于去年到現在的銷售火爆,這是一個正常的現象,不能說房貸增速快,就是房貸杠杆高,風險就很大了。他進一步表示,房貸的快速增長是以合理的自住需求上升爲支撐的,目前只有北京、上海和深圳等約15個城市地産市場投機性資金比例達到40%左右,但是全國絕大多數城市95%的需求都是用于自住,這部分是正常需求。

      中信證券陳聰:居民部門整體杠杆率不高。

      8月5日,中信證券陳聰發布研報稱,整個社會不動産的總價值相對于信貸余額來說相當龐大,居民部門的整體杠杆率不高。但銷售額中來自信貸支持的資金快速增加,且占比不低。

      陳聰表示,截至2016年7月,中國居民的未償還杠杆負擔(公積金+商業貸款)超過18萬億元,在最謹慎的假設下,我國居民部門掌握的不動産資産存量杠杆率爲12.9%,杠杆率並不不高。

      反方不服:房貸正超越居民償付能力

      海通證券姜超:中國房貸高增不可持續,急速增長的房貸正在超越居民的償付能力。

      8月4日,海通證券分析師姜超發表了題爲《居民加杠杆,危險的遊戲——由房貸激增看地産泡沫》的研報,他明確表示:“中國房貸高增不可持續,急速增長的房貸正在超越居民的償付能力,邊際杠杆已近極限,地産泡沫值得惕。”

      姜超表示,2012年以來中國經濟增速持續下行,但居民房貸卻迎來爆發式增長,從2011年不到1萬億美元,並在2014年超越日本,2015年則超過2萬億美元大關,2016年有望接近3萬億美元,可謂“超日趕美”。

      姜超稱,中國的房貸/GDP之比在過去幾年呈加速上升態勢。2012年以前,該比率尚不到15%,2015年底達到20.7%,2016年底將超過25%,達到日本地産泡沫頂峰時的水平。

      易居研究院智庫中心研究總監嚴躍進:房貸市場存在泡沫。

      8月10日晚間,易居研究院智庫中心研究總監嚴躍進對每經投資寶記者表示,從杠杆率來講,現在資産泡沫主要表現在土地價格過高、房價過高,房貸市場也存在泡沫。不過他表示:杠杆率過高是否會導致市場有很大的風險呢?兩者之間並沒有必然的聯系。對具體購房者而言,杠杆率過高的畢竟是少數,比例沒有大家想象的那麽高。

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      "I readily understand you," Doctor Bronson answered, "as I had the same feeling myself, and every American has it when he first comes to the country. He has a great deal of sympathy for the men, and I have known some strangers to refuse to ride in a jin-riki-sha on that account. But if you will apply reason to the matter, you will soon get over the feeling. Remember that the man gets his living by pulling his little carriage, and that he regards it as a great favor when you patronize him. You do him a kindness when you employ him; and the more you employ him, the more will he regard you as his friend. He was born to toil, and expects to toil as long as he lives. He does not regard it as a hardship, but cheerfully accepts his lot; and the more work he obtains, the better is he satisfied. And when you pay him for his services, you will win his most heart-felt affection if you add a trifle by way of gratuity. If you give only the exact wages prescribed by law, he does not complain, and you have only to add a few cents to make his eyes glisten with gratitude. In my experience of laboring-men in all parts of the world, I have found that the Japanese coolie is the most patient, and has the warmest heart, the most thankful for honest pay for honest work, and the most appreciative of the trifles that his employer gives him in the way of presents." "One of the curious places we saw was the Hall of Examinations. This is a large enclosed space, having rows on rows of little cells, where the candidates for the literary degree are examined once in every three years. There are eleven thousand of these cells, and each cell is just large enough for one man to occupy. The candidates are put in these cells, and each man is furnished with a sheet of paper and a pen. He must write on the paper any given page of the Chinese books called 'The Classics' without mistake or alteration, and he is not allowed to try a second time until the next examination comes round. There are men who keep on trying all their lives for the degree, and they tell of one man who succeeded after he was eighty years old. The candidates try all sorts of tricks to smuggle in copies of the books on which they are to be examined, and also extra sheets of paper; but they are carefully searched, and everything of the sort is taken away from them. "Yes, Captain." As I wiped the brow again I heard the tread of two horses down in front of the house; they were Gholson's, and Ned Ferry's for Charlotte. "Captain, may I go and bring her--tell her what you say, and bring her?" Rose Lomas came slowly over the top of the hill. She was hatless, and her short, curly hair blew about her face, for a slight breeze had sprung up in the wake of the sunset. She wore a navy blue jacket over a white muslin blouse with a deep V at the breast. There was a fair stretch of plump leg, stockinged in black cashmere, between the edge of her dark skirt and the beginning of the tall boots that had taken so long to button up. She walked with her chin tilted upwards and her eyes half closed, and her hands were thrust into the slanting pockets of her jacket. "Quite so. The man was all twisted from his hip, and he had a crooked nose." He had not been arrested yet; his own voluntary evidence, backed up so strangely by the evidence of Hetty and the reporter, had staved that off for the present. But really, things were almost as bad. He had his own friends, of course, who were prepared to back him up through thick and thin, but there were others who passed him with a cold bow, or cut him altogether. He had called at one or two houses professionally, where he had been informed that his services would no longer be required. It was a bitter pill to swallow, but Bruce met it bravely. Even Hetty did not quite guess what he was suffering. "I know. I remember that now. I said goodnight to the Countess--eh, eh, the Countess!--and there was a policeman outside talking to a man in evening dress. He said goodnight to me and I walked down the road. I don't recollect anything else." "I want to speak to you for a moment," said Prout. Pastor Claes, mentioned in the above proclamation, has done very much for the miserable Louvain population; they owe him especially much gratitude for an act of devotion with regard to the murdered victims. The teleology of Aristotle requires a word of explanation, which may appropriately find its place in the present connexion. In speaking of a purpose in Nature, he does not mean that natural productions subserve an end lying outside themselves; as if, to use Goethe’s illustration, the bark of cork-trees was intended to be made into stoppers for ginger-beer bottles; but that in every perfect thing the parts are interdependent, and exist for the sake of the whole to which they belong. Nor does he, like so many theologians, both ancient and modern, argue from the evidence of design in Nature to the operation of a designing intelligence outside her. Not believing in any creation at all apart from works of art, he could not believe in a creative intelligence other than that of man. He does, indeed, constantly speak of Nature as if she were a personal providence, continually exerting herself for the good of her creatures. But, on looking a little closer, we find that the agency in question is completely unconscious, and may be identified with the constitution of each particular thing, or rather of the type to which it belongs. We have said that Aristotle’s intellect was essentially descriptive, and we have here another illustration of its characteristic quality.333 The teleology which he parades with so much pomp adds nothing to our knowledge of causes, implies nothing that a positivist need not readily accept. It is a mere study of functions, an analysis of statical relations. Of course, if there were really any philosophers who said that the connexion between teeth and mastication was entirely accidental, the Aristotelian doctrine was a useful protest against such an absurdity; but when we have established a fixed connexion between organ and function, we are bound to explain the association in some more satisfactory manner than by reaffirming it in general terms, which is all that Aristotle ever does. Again, whatever may be the relative justification of teleology as a study of functions in the living body, we have no grounds for interpreting the phenomena of inorganic nature on an analogous principle. Some Greek philosophers were acute enough to perceive the distinction. While admitting that plants and animals showed traces of design, they held that the heavenly bodies arose spontaneously from the movements of a vortex or some such cause;222 just as certain religious savants of our own day reject the Darwinian theory while accepting the nebular hypothesis.223 But to Aristotle the unbroken regularity of the celestial movements, which to us is the best proof of their purely mechanical nature, was, on the contrary, a proof that they were produced and directed by an absolutely reasonable purpose; much more so indeed than terrestrial organisms, marked as these are by occasional deviations and imperfections; and he concludes that each of those movements must be directed towards the attainment of some correspondingly consummate end;224 while, again, in dealing with those precursors of Mr. Darwin, if such they can be called, who argued that the utility of an organ does not disprove its spontaneous origin, since only the creatures which, by a happy accident, came to possess it would survive—he334 answers that the constant reproduction of such organs is enough to vindicate them from being the work of chance;225 thus displaying his inability to distinguish between the two ideas of uniform causation and design. LUCKNOW And there are ruins all the way to Delhi, whither we returned by the old fortress of Purana Kila, with its pink walls overlooked by a few aerial minarets and more traces of graceful carving, the precursors of the Divan i Khas and Moti Musjid the Pearl Mosque. “Yes—I think it was in the last few minutes!” Sandy declared. “We didn’t talk about the emeralds being hidden in it until almost the last thing before we went to fetch it here.” Jacketed from the supply Jeff kept for passengers, two of the Sky Patrol and a discomfited detective rose in the air and joined the pursuit. Presently they sailed out into a clear area and Larry sighed thankfully. He watched for a landing field beside a lake shaped like a half-moon. That would tell him he could set down on the landing spot the millionaire had built before going West. "You remember that woman," Cairness went on, making and rolling adroitly a straw-paper cigarette, "the one who was cook on the ranch for so long? She could tell us what it is, and I'll bet on it." She was quite alone, wandering among the trees and bushes in the creek bottom, and her hands were full of wild flowers. She had pinned several long sprays of the little ground blossoms, called "baby-blue eyes," at her throat, and they lay along her white gown prettily.[Pg 274] She stopped and spoke to him, with a note of lifelessness in her high, sweet voice; and while he answered her question as to what he had been doing since she had seen him last, she unpinned the "baby-blue eyes" and held them out to him. "Would you like these?" she asked simply. He took them, and she said "Good-by" and went on. "Understand," the Albert said. So, naturally, he was getting ready to go to the Social. Albin would be there, undoubtedly, some of the older men would be there—and a scattering of women would be there, too. (He remembered himself thinking, long ago before such a party: Tonight might be the night.) He shaved very carefully, faithful to memory, dressed in the best he could find in his closet, and went out, heading for the elevator. God save the Queen!" "But I'm the worst—the worst that ever was. I'm scum, I'm dirt"—and out poured more of the turbid stream, till Pete sickened. "Thank you, steward," replied Oakley, smiling, "but I would rather wait a few minutes. To be sure, it is a hard thing to be fasting from drink for two whole days! but then it is better than being a prisoner. We will be good friends, master Calverley, but we will not put too much faith in one another. And, as for taking your life—an idea which did occur to me just now—by the green wax! I don't think I could do it. To be sure, sometimes an odd fit comes upon me, but I believe, after all, the pen suits my hand better than the sword; nevertheless, to come to the point, steward, I must have money. I am going to turn an honest man; to gain the bondman his freedom, and the free man justice. 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